Digital Forensics: Tools, Methods and Workflows
Digital Forensics is the process of recovering and preserving material found on digital devices during the course of criminal investigations. Digital forensics tools include hardware and software tools used by law enforcement to collect and preserve digital evidence and support o. Use it to build a structured path from fundamentals to hands-on practice.
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Digital Forensics Guide
A guide covering Digital Forensics the applications, libraries and tools that will make you a better and more efficient with Digital Forensics development.
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Table of Contents
Getting Started with Digital Forensics
Digital Forensics Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks
Virtualization
File systems
Security Tools and Frameworks
Networking
Getting Started with Digital Forensics
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Digital Forensics is the process of recovering and preserving material found on digital devices during the course of criminal investigations. Digital forensics tools include hardware and software tools used by law enforcement to collect and preserve digital evidence and support or refute hypotheses before courts.
Computer Forensics is the process of examining digital media in a forensic-like manner with the goal of identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing and presenting facts and opinions about the digital information.
Mobile device forensics is the science of recovering digital evidence from a mobile device under forensically sound conditions using accepted methods. Mobile device forensics is an evolving specialty in the field of digital forensics.
Network forensics is a science that centers on the discovery and retrieval of information surrounding a cybercrime within a networked environment. Common forensic activities include the capture, recording and analysis of events that occurred on a network in order to establish the source of cyberattacks.
Database forensics is the process of interrogating a failed database and trying to reconstruct the metadata and page information from within a data set, whereas database recovery implies some kind of restorative process that will enable the database to become viable enough to be put back into a production environment, or healthy enough to provide a backup that can be used in a database restore.
Books & Tutorials
Digital Forensics Certifications & Courses
Playbooks
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Playbooks can help automate and orchestrate your response, and can be set to run automatically when specific alerts or incidents are generated, by being attached to an analytics rule or an automation rule.
- Automate threat response with playbooks in Microsoft Azure with Sentinel is a collection of procedures that can be run from Microsoft Sentinel in response to an alert or incident.
- AWS Incident Response Runbook Samples - AWS IR Runbook Samples meant to be customized per each entity using them. The three samples are: "DoS or DDoS attack", "credential leakage", and "unintended access to an Amazon S3 bucket".
- Counteractive Playbooks - Counteractive PLaybooks collection.
- GuardSIght Playbook Battle Cards - A collection of Cyber Incident Response Playbook Battle Cards
- IRM - Incident Response Methodologies by CERT Societe Generale.
- IR Workflow Gallery - Different generic incident response workflows, e.g. for malware outbreak, data theft, unauthorized access,... Every workflow consists of seven steps: prepare, detect, analyze, contain, eradicate, recover, post-incident handling. The workflows are online available or for download.
- PagerDuty Incident Response Documentation - Documents that describe parts of the PagerDuty Incident Response process. It provides information not only on preparing for an incident, but also what to do during and after. Source is available on GitHub.
- Phantom Community Playbooks - Phantom Community Playbooks for Splunk but also customizable for other use.
- ThreatHunter-Playbook - Playbook to aid the development of techniques and hypothesis for hunting campaigns.
YouTube Tutorials
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Digital Forensics Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks
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Autopsy® is a digital forensics platform and graphical interface to The Sleuth Kit® and other digital forensics tools. It is used by law enforcement, military, and corporate examiners to investigate what happened on a computer. You can even use it to recover photos from your camera's memory card.
The Sleuth Kit® (TSK) is a library and collection of command line tools that allow you to investigate disk images. The core functionality of TSK allows you to analyze volume and file system data. The library can be incorporated into larger digital forensics tools and the command line tools can be directly used to find evidence.
PTK Forensics is a computer forensic framework for the command line tools in the SleuthKit plus much more software modules.
DFF (Digital Forensics Framework) is a free and Open Source computer forensics software built on top of a dedicated Application Programming Interface (API). It can be used both by professional and non-expert people in order to quickly and easily collect, preserve and reveal digital evidences without compromising systems and data.
Mobile Device Investigator® is a security tool that powers rapid investigations of iOS and Android devices by connecting a suspect device via USB port to perform logical acquisitions.
Digital Evidence Investigator® is a digital forensic tool for Windows, Linux, and macOS (including T2 and M1 chips). DEI collects digital evidence and presents it in a timeline view to tie the user to files and artifacts.
Digital Evidence Investigator® PRO is a tool that includes Windows, Linux and macOS (including T2 and M1 chips) computer forensic capabilities of Digital Evidence Investigator® and Mobile Device Investigator® iOS/Android capabilities in a single license.
Guymager is a free forensic imager for media acquisition. Its main features are: Easy user interface in different languages. Really fast, due to multi-threaded, pipelined design and multi-threaded data compression. Generates flat (dd), EWF (E01) and AFF images, supports disk cloning. Free of charges, completely open source.
X-Ways Forensics is a commercial digital forensics platform for Windows.
X-Ways Investigator is a reduced, simplified version of X-Ways Forensics for police investigators, lawyers, and auditors.
WinHex is a Hex editor, disk editor, and RAM editor. Computer forensics, data recovery, and IT security tool.
F-Response is a remote network drive analysis capability, remote RAM access, and cloud storage access.
AccessData Forensics Toolkit (FTK®) is built for speed, stability and ease of use. It provides comprehensive processing and indexing up front, so filtering and searching is faster than with any other product. This means you can zero in on the relevant evidence quickly, dramatically increasing your analysis speed.
OpenText™ EnCase™ is a commercial forensics platform. It offers support for evidence collection from over twenty-five different types of devices, including desktops, mobile devices and GPS. Within the tool, a forensic investigator can inspect the collected data and generate a wide range of reports based upon predefined templates.
Redline® is FireEye's premier free endpoint security tool, provides host investigative capabilities to users to find signs of malicious activity through memory and file analysis and the development of a threat assessment profile. It collects information about running processes on a host, drivers from memory and gathers other data like meta data, registry data, tasks, services, network information and internet history to build a proper report.
Paraben's Electronic Evidence Examiner—E3 is a comprehensive digital forensic platform designed to handle more data, more efficiently while adhering to Paraben's paradigm of specialized focus of the entire forensic exam process. Paraben has capabilities in:
- Desktop forensics
- Email forensics
- Smartphone analysis
- Cloud analysis
- IoT forensics
- Triage and visualization
Bulk Extractor is a program that extracts features such as email addresses, credit card numbers, URLs, and other types of information from digital evidence files. It is a useful forensic investigation tool for many tasks such as malware and intrusion investigations, identity investigations and cyber investigations, as well as analyzing imagery and pass-word cracking.
Registry Recon is a powerful computer forensics tool developed by Arsenal Recon. The tool is used to extract, recover, and parse registry data from Windows systems. The process of manually scouring Windows Registry files proves to be extremely time consuming and leaves gaping holes in the ability to recover critical information.
Volatility is the memory forensics framework. It is used for incident response and malware analysis. With this tool, you can extract information from running processes, network sockets, network connection, DLLs and registry hives. It also has support for extracting information from Windows crash dump files and hibernation files.
WindowsSCOPE is a commercial memory forensics and reverse engineering tool used for analyzing volatile memory. It is basically used for reverse engineering of malware. It provides the ability to analyze the Windows kernel, drivers, DLLs and virtual and physical memory.
Wireshark is the most widely used network traffic analysis tool in existence. It has the ability to capture live traffic or ingest a saved capture file.
Network Miner is an open source Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) for Windows (also Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD). NetworkMiner can be used as a passive network sniffer/packet capturing tool in order to detect operating systems, sessions, hostnames, and open ports without putting any traffic on the network.
Xplico is an open-source network forensic analysis tool. It is used to extract useful data from applications which use Internet and network protocols. It supports most of the popular protocols including HTTP, IMAP, POP, SMTP, SIP, TCP, UDP, TCP and others. Output data of the tool is stored in an SQLite database or MySQL database. It also supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
Oxygen Forensic Detective is a forensic's tool that focuses on mobile devices but is capable of extracting data from a number of different platforms, including mobile, IoT, cloud services, drones, media cards, backups and desktop platforms. It uses physical methods to bypass device security (such as screen lock) and collects authentication data for a number of different mobile applications.
XRY is a collection of different commercial tools for mobile device forensics. XRY Logical is a suite of tools designed to interface with the mobile device operating system and extract the desired data. XRY Physical, on the other hand, uses physical recovery techniques to bypass the operating system, enabling analysis of locked devices.
SIFT Workstation is another open-source Linux virtual machine that aggregates free digital forensics tools. This platform was developed by the SANS Institute and its use is taught in a number of their courses.
HashKeeper is a central database repository of Forensic Intelligence donated by various sources, usually obtained by law enforcement during the course of forensic investigations of suspect systems.
Forensic Explorer Command Line (FEX CLI) is a forensic data processing engine used for computer forensics and electronic discovery. The FEX CLI can be run on a single workstation to an enterprise level virtual environment spawning multiple simultaneous processing instances.
FEX Memory Imager (FEX Memory) is a free imaging tool designed to capture the physical Random Access Memory (RAM) of a suspect’s running computer. This allows investigators to recover and analyze valuable artifacts found only in memory.
FEX Imager™ is a free forensic imaging program that will acquire or hash a bit-level forensic image with full MD5, SHA1, SHA256 hash authentication. It can acquire a physical drive, logical drive, folders and files, remote devices (using servlet), or re-acquire a forensic image.
Forensic Explorer™ is a flexible and easy to use GUI with advanced sort, filter, keyword search, data recovery and script technology. It can quickly process large volumes of data, automate complex investigation tasks, produce detailed reports and increase productivity.
Rehex is a cross-platform (Windows, Linux, Mac) hex editor for reverse engineering, and everything else.
DIRTY is a Augmenting Decompiler Output with Learned Variable Names and Types developed by the Socio-Technical Research Using Data Excavation Lab, at Carnegie Mellon University.
Dissect is a digital forensics & incident response framework and toolset that allows you to quickly access and analyse forensic artefacts from various disk and file formats, developed by Fox-IT (part of NCC Group).
Acquire is a tool to quickly gather forensic artifacts from disk images or a live system into a lightweight container.
Artifactcollector is a project that provides a software that collects forensic artifacts on systems.
Cold Disk Quick Response is a streamlined list of parsers to quickly analyze a forensic image file (dd, E01, .vmdk, etc) and output nine reports.
CyLR - is a tool that collects forensic artifacts from hosts with NTFS file systems quickly, securely and minimizes impact to the host.
Forensic Artifacts is a Digital Forensics Artifact Repository.
UAC (Unix-like Artifacts Collector) is a Live Response collection script for Incident Response that makes use of native binaries and tools to automate the collection of AIX, Android, VMware ESXi, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, NetBSD, NetScaler, OpenBSD and Solaris systems artifacts.
Magnet ACQUIRE is a Forensics tool that allows various types of disk acquisitions to be performed on Windows, Linux, and macOS as well as mobile operating systems (iOS & Android).
Virtualization
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HVM (Hardware Virtual Machine) is a virtualization type that provides the ability to run an operating system directly on top of a virtual machine without any modification, as if it were run on the bare-metal hardware.
PV(ParaVirtualization) is an efficient and lightweight virtualization technique introduced by the Xen Project team, later adopted by other virtualization solutions. PV does not require virtualization extensions from the host CPU and thus enables virtualization on hardware architectures that do not support Hardware-assisted virtualization.
Virtualization-based Security (VBS) is a hardware virtualization feature to create and isolate a secure region of memory from the normal operating system.
Hypervisor-Enforced Code Integrity (HVCI) is a mechanism whereby a hypervisor, such as Hyper-V, uses hardware virtualization to protect kernel-mode processes against the injection and execution of malicious or unverified code. Code integrity validation is performed in a secure environment that is resistant to attack from malicious software, and page permissions for kernel mode are set and maintained by the hypervisor.
KVM (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or AMD-V). It consists of a loadable kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core virtualization infrastructure and a processor specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko.
QEMU is a fast processor emulator using a portable dynamic translator. QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It can be used to launch a different Operating System without rebooting the PC or to debug system code.
Hyper-V enables running virtualized computer systems on top of a physical host. These virtualized systems can be used and managed just as if they were physical computer systems, however they exist in virtualized and isolated environment. Special software called a hypervisor manages access between the virtual systems and the physical hardware resources. Virtualization enables quick deployment of computer systems, a way to quickly restore systems to a previously known good state, and the ability to migrate systems between physical hosts.
VirtManager is a graphical tool for managing virtual machines via libvirt. Most usage is with QEMU/KVM virtual machines, but Xen and libvirt LXC containers are well supported. Common operations for any libvirt driver should work.
oVirt is an open-source distributed virtualization solution, designed to manage your entire enterprise infrastructure. oVirt uses the trusted KVM hypervisor and is built upon several other community projects, including libvirt, Gluster, PatternFly, and Ansible.Founded by Red Hat as a community project on which Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based allowing for centralized management of virtual machines, compute, storage and networking resources, from an easy-to-use web-based front-end with platform independent access.
HyperKit is a toolkit for embedding hypervisor capabilities in your application. It includes a complete hypervisor, based on xhyve/bhyve, which is optimized for lightweight virtual machines and container deployment. It is designed to be interfaced with higher-level components such as the VPNKit and DataKit. HyperKit currently only supports macOS using the Hypervisor.framework making it a core component of Docker Desktop for Mac.
Intel® Graphics Virtualization Technology (Intel® GVT) is a full GPU virtualization solution with mediated pass-through, starting from 4th generation Intel Core (TM) processors with Intel processor graphics(Broadwell and newer). It can be used to virtualize the GPU for multiple guest virtual machines, effectively providing near-native graphics performance in the virtual machine and still letting your host use the virtualized GPU normally.
Apple Hypervisor is a frameowrk that builds virtualization solutions on top of a lightweight hypervisor, without third-party kernel extensions. Hypervisor provides C APIs so you can interact with virtualization technologies in user space, without writing kernel extensions (KEXTs). As a result, the apps you create using this framework are suitable for distribution on the Mac App Store.
Apple Virtualization Framework is a framework that provides high-level APIs for creating and managing virtual machines on Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac computers. This framework is used to boot and run a Linux-based operating system in a custom environment that you define. It also supports the Virtio specification, which defines standard interfaces for many device types, including network, socket, serial port, storage, entropy, and memory-balloon devices.
Apple Paravirtualized Graphics Framework is a framework that implements hardware-accelerated graphics for macOS running in a virtual machine, hereafter known as the guest. The operating system provides a graphics driver that runs inside the guest, communicating with the framework in the host operating system to take advantage of Metal-accelerated graphics.
Cloud Hypervisor is an open source Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) that runs on top of KVM. The project focuses on exclusively running modern, cloud workloads, on top of a limited set of hardware architectures and platforms. Cloud workloads refers to those that are usually run by customers inside a cloud provider. Cloud Hypervisor is implemented in Rust and is based on the rust-vmm crates.
VMware vSphere Hypervisor is a bare-metal hypervisor that virtualizes servers; allowing you to consolidate your applications while saving time and money managing your IT infrastructure.
Xen is focused on advancing virtualization in a number of different commercial and open source applications, including server virtualization, Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS), desktop virtualization, security applications, embedded and hardware appliances, and automotive/aviation.
Ganeti is a virtual machine cluster management tool built on top of existing virtualization technologies such as Xen or KVM and other open source software. Once installed, the tool assumes management of the virtual instances (Xen DomU).
Packer is an open source tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. Packer is lightweight, runs on every major operating system, and is highly performant, creating machine images for multiple platforms in parallel. Packer does not replace configuration management like Chef or Puppet. In fact, when building images, Packer is able to use tools like Chef or Puppet to install software onto the image.
Vagrant is a tool for building and managing virtual machine environments in a single workflow. With an easy-to-use workflow and focus on automation, Vagrant lowers development environment setup time, increases production parity, and makes the "works on my machine" excuse a relic of the past. It provides easy to configure, reproducible, and portable work environments built on top of industry-standard technology and controlled by a single consistent workflow to help maximize the productivity and flexibility of you and your team.
Parallels Desktop is a Desktop Hypervisor that delivers the fastest, easiest and most powerful application for running Windows/Linux on Mac (including the new Apple M1 chip) and ChromeOS.
VMware Fusion is a Desktop Hypervisor that deliver desktop and ‘server’ virtual machines, containers and Kubernetes clusters to developers, and IT professionals on the Mac.
VMware Workstation is a hosted hypervisor that runs on x64 versions of Windows and Linux operating systems; it enables users to set up virtual machines on a single physical machine, and use them simultaneously along with the actual machine.
File systems
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GlusterFS is a free and open source scalable network filesystem. Gluster is a scalable network filesystem. Using common off-the-shelf hardware, you can create large, distributed storage solutions for media streaming, data analysis, and other data- and bandwidth-intensive tasks.
Ceph is a software-defined storage solution designed to address the object, block, and file storage needs of data centers adopting open source as the new norm for high-growth block storage, object stores and data lakes. Ceph provides enterprise scalable storage while keeping CAPEX and OPEX costs in line with underlying bulk commodity disk prices.
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a distributed file system that handles large data sets running on commodity hardware. It is used to scale a single Apache Hadoop cluster to hundreds (and even thousands) of nodes. HDFS is one of the major components of Apache Hadoop, the others being MapReduce and YARN.
ZFS is an enterprise-ready open source file system and volume manager with unprecedented flexibility and an uncompromising commitment to data integrity.
OpenZFS is an open-source storage platform. It includes the functionality of both traditional file systems and volume manager. It has many advanced features including:
- Protection against data corruption.
- Integrity checking for both data and metadata.
- Continuous integrity verification and automatic "self-healing" repair.
Btrfs is a modern copy on write (CoW) filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. Its main features and benefits are:
- Snapshots which do not make the full copy of files
- RAID - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10
- Self-healing - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions
Squashfs is a compressed read-only filesystem for Linux. It uses zlib, lz4, lzo, or xz compression to compress files, inodes and directories. Inodes in the system are very small and all blocks are packed to minimize data overhead.
Apple File System (APFS) is the default file system for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later, features strong encryption, space sharing, snapshots, fast directory sizing, and improved file system fundamentals.
NTFS(New Technology File System) is the primary file system for recent versions of Windows and Windows Server—provides a full set of features including security descriptors, encryption, disk quotas, and rich metadata, and can be used with Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV) to provide continuously available volumes that can be accessed simultaneously from multiple nodes of a failover cluster.
exFAT(Extended File Allocation Table ) is the file system that was the successor to FAT32 in the FAT family of file systems. It was optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards.
Security Tools and Frameworks
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Security Benchmarks
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Security Standards & Frameworks
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Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is a government-wide program that provides a standardized approach to security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud products and services. FedRAMP empowers agencies to use modern cloud technologies, with emphasis on security and protection of federal information, and helps accelerate the adoption of secure, cloud solutions.
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a United States federal law that defines a comprehensive framework to protect government information, operations, and assets against natural and manmade threats. This risk management framework was signed into law as part of the Electronic Government Act of 2002. Since 2002, FISMA's scope has widened to apply to state agencies that administer federal programs, or private businesses and service providers that hold a contract with the U.S. government.
Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (CC) is an international standard (ISO / IEC 15408) for computer security. It allows an objective evaluation to validate that a particular product satisfies a defined set of security requirements.
ISO 22301 is the international standard that provides a best-practice framework for implementing an optimised BCMS (business continuity management system).
ISO27001 is the international standard that describes the requirements for an ISMS (information security management system). The framework is designed to help organizations manage their security practices in one place, consistently and cost-effectively.
ISO 27701 specifies the requirements for a PIMS (privacy information management system) based on the requirements of ISO 27001. It is extended by a set of privacy-specific requirements, control objectives and controls. Companies that have implemented ISO 27001 will be able to use ISO 27701 to extend their security efforts to cover privacy management.
SOC 2 is an auditing procedure that ensures your service providers securely manage your data to protect the interests of your comapny/organization and the privacy of their clients.
NIST CSF is a voluntary framework primarily intended for critical infrastructure organizations to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk based on existing best practice.
EU GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is a privacy and data protection law that supersedes existing national data protection laws across the EU, bringing uniformity by introducing just one main data protection law for companies/organizations to comply with.
CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act) is a data privacy law that took effect on January 1, 2020 in the State of California. It applies to businesses that collect California residents’ personal information, and its privacy requirements are similar to those of the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).
Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards (DSS) is a global information security standard designed to prevent fraud through increased control of credit card data.
Landlock LSM(Linux Security Module) is a framework to create scoped access-control (sandboxing). Landlock is designed to be usable by unprivileged processes while following the system security policy enforced by other access control mechanisms (DAC, LSM, etc.).
Secure boot is a security standard developed by members of the PC industry to help make sure that a device boots(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) BIOS) using only software(such as bootloaders, OS, UEFI drivers, and utilities) that is trusted by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
Security Encryption
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How Encryption Keys work
Symmetric is a data encryption method whereby the same private key is used to encode and decode information.
Asymmetric is a data encryption method that allows users to encrypt information using shared keys. For example, if you need to send a message across the internet, but you don't want anyone but the intended recipient to see what you've written.
Types of Encryption
Triple DES (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm) is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block(contains 64 bits of data).
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is an algorithm that encrypts and decrypts data in blocks of 128 bits. It can do this using 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit keys.
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a type of public-key cryptography used for secure data transmission of e-mail and other digital transactions over the Internet.
Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It is an advanced version of Blowfish encryption.
Format Preserving Encryption (FPE) is a valid encryption algorithm to be used for compliance with NIST standards. It is mostly used in on-premise encryption and tokenization solutions.
Application Level Encryption
Hashes is a function that converts an input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length. For example, algorithms such as MD5 (Message Digest 5) or SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm).
Digital Certificates is a file that verifies the identity of a device or user and enables encrypted connections. A digital signature is a hashing approach that uses a numeric string to provide authenticity and validate identity. Digital certificates are typically issued by a certificate authority (CA), which is a trusted third-party entity that issues digital certificates for use by other parties.
Security Tools
Netdata is high-fidelity infrastructure monitoring and troubleshooting, real-time monitoring Agent collects thousands of metrics from systems, hardware, containers, and applications with zero configuration. It runs permanently on all your physical/virtual servers, containers, cloud deployments, and edge/IoT devices, and is perfectly safe to install on your systems mid-incident without any preparation.
Acra is a single database security suite with 9 strong security controls: application level encryption, searchable encryption, data masking, data tokenization, secure authentication, data leakage prevention, database request firewall, cryptographically signed audit logging, security events automation. It is designed to cover the most important data security requirements with SQL and NoSQL databases and distributed apps in a fast, convenient, and reliable way.
OWASP Nettacker is a project created to automate information gathering, vulnerability scanning and eventually generating a report for networks, including services, bugs, vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and other information. This software will utilize TCP SYN, ACK, ICMP, and many other protocols in order to detect and bypass Firewall/IDS/IPS devices.
OpenSCAP is U.S. standard maintained by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It provides multiple tools to assist administrators and auditors with assessment, measurement, and enforcement of security baselines. OpenSCAP maintains great flexibility and interoperability by reducing the costs of performing security audits. Whether you want to evaluate DISA STIGs, NIST‘s USGCB, or Red Hat’s Security Response Team’s content, all are supported by OpenSCAP.
OWASP is an online community, produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.
Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language is a community effort to standardize how to assess and report upon the machine state of computer systems. OVAL includes a language to encode system details, and community repositories of content. Tools and services that use OVAL provide enterprises with accurate, consistent, and actionable information to improve their security.
Terrascan is a static code analyzer for Infrastructure as Code to mitigate risk before provisioning cloud native infrastructure.
Sliver is an open source cross-platform adversary emulation/red team framework, it can be used by organizations of all sizes to perform security testing. Sliver's implants support C2 over Mutual TLS (mTLS), WireGuard, HTTP(S), and DNS and are dynamically compiled with per-binary asymmetric encryption keys.
Payloads All The Things is a list of useful payloads and bypass for Web Application Security and Pentest/CTF.
Flipper Zero is a portable multi-tool for pentesters and geeks in a toy-like body. It loves hacking digital stuff, such as radio protocols, access control systems, hardware and more. It's fully open-source and customizable, so you can extend it in whatever way you like.
TheHive is a scalable 3-in-1 open source and free Security Incident Response Platform designed to make life easier for SOCs, CSIRTs, CERTs and any information security practitioner dealing with security incidents that need to be investigated and acted upon swiftly. It is the perfect companion to MISP.
Cortex is a Powerful Observable Analysis and Active Response Engine. This solves a common problem frequently encountered by SOCs, CSIRTs and security researchers in the course of threat intelligence, digital forensics and incident response.
MITRE ATT&CK® is a global knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world security observations. It is used as a foundation for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and in the cybersecurity product and service community.
CALDERA™ is a cyber security platform designed to easily automate adversary emulation, assist manual red-teams, and automate incident response.
Atomic Red Team™ is a library of tests mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK® framework. Security teams can use Atomic Red Team to quickly, portably, and reproducibly test their environments.
OpenCTI is an open source platform allowing organizations to manage their cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. It has been created in order to structure, store, organize and visualize technical and non-technical information about cyber threats.
OWASP Amass is an OWASP Project that performs network mapping of attack surfaces and external asset discovery using open source information gathering and active reconnaissance techniques.
LGTM is a tol that finds and prevents zero-days and other critical bugs, with customizable alerts and automated code review.
Semgrep is a code scanning at ludicrous speed. It find bugs and reachable dependency vulnerabilities.
Socket Security is a tool that protects your app from malicious open source dependencies.
Snyk is a tool that find, fix (and prevent!) known vulnerabilities in your code.
GitProtect.io is a free Backup for GitHub that does automatic, daily repo and metadata backup - no maintenance needed: fast restore, DR, AWS, and S3 cloud storage support.
Mend Bolt isa that detects open source vulnerabilities in real time with suggested fixes for quick remediation.
Rewind Backups for GitHub (Formerly BackHub) is a tool that does daily, automatic backups of your repos & metadata. Restore your backups with metadata in seconds + Sync to your S3 or Azure.
Renovate is a tool that keeps dependencies up-to-date with automated Pull Requests.
GuardRails provides continuous security feedback for modern development teams.
ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules.
Ory Kratos is a developer-friendly, security-hardened and battle-test Identity, User Management and Authentication system for the Cloud. The Kratos identity server (similiar to Auth0, Okta, Firebase) with Ory-hardened authentication, MFA, FIDO2, TOTP, WebAuthn, profile management, identity schemas, social sign in, registration, account recovery, passwordless.
Ory Hydra is a hardened, OpenID Certified OAuth 2.0 Server and OpenID Connect Provider optimized for low-latency, high throughput, and low resource consumption. Ory Hydra is not an identity provider (user sign up, user login, password reset flow), but connects to your existing identity provider through a login and consent app.
Ory Keto is an Open Source (Go) implementation of Zanzibar: Google's Consistent, Global Authorization System. It ships gRPC, REST APIs, newSQL, and an easy and granular permission language. Supports ACL, RBAC, and other access models.
Dnsmasq is a tool that provides network infrastructure for small networks: DNS, DHCP, router advertisement and network boot. It is designed to be lightweight and have a small footprint, suitable for resource constrained routers and firewalls. It has also been widely used for tethering on smartphones and portable hotspots, and to support virtual networking in virtualisation frameworks. Supported platforms include Linux (with glibc and uclibc), Android, BSD, and MacOS.
Dissect is a digital forensics & incident response framework and toolset that allows you to quickly access and analyse forensic artefacts from various disk and file formats, developed by Fox-IT (part of NCC Group).
Acquire is a tool to quickly gather forensic artifacts from disk images or a live system into a lightweight container.
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