Program Examples

Onchain program examples for ⚓ Anchor, 🤥 Pinocchio, and 🦀 Native Rust.

This repo contains Solana onchain programs (referred to as 'Smart Contracts' in other blockchains).

[!NOTE] If you're new to Solana, you don't need to create your own programs to perform basic things like making accounts, creating tokens, sending tokens, or minting NFTs. These common tasks are handled with existing programs, for example the System Program (for making account or transferring SOL) or the token program (for creating tokens and NFTs). See the Solana Developer site to learn more.

⚠️ This repository uses pnpm as the default package manager.
Ensure pnpm is installed before running any examples.

Each folder includes examples for one or more of the following:

• anchor - Written using Anchor, the most popular framework for Solana development, which uses Rust. Use anchor build and anchor deploy to build and deploy the program. Tests should be executed using pnpm test as defined in the Anchor.toml scripts section.

• pinocchio - Written using Pinocchio, a zero-copy, zero-allocation library for Solana programs. Build and test commands are the same as native examples. Run pnpm test to execute tests.

• native - Written using Solana's native Rust crates and vanilla Rust. Build and test commands are defined via pnpm scripts and use litesvm for testing. Run pnpm test to execute tests.

If a given example is missing, please send us a PR to add it! Our aim is to have every example available in every option. We'd also love to see more programs involving staking, wrapped tokens, oracles, compression and VRF. Follow the contributing guidelines to keep things consistent.

The example programs

Basics

Hello world

Hello World on Solana! A minimal program that logs a greeting.

anchor pinocchio native

Account-data

Store and retrieve data using Solana accounts.

anchor pinocchio native

Storing global state - Counter

Store global state in an account, making a counter that increments when called.

anchor pinocchio native

Saving per-user state - Favorites

Save and update per-user state on the blockchain, ensuring users can only update their own information.

anchor pinocchio native

Checking Instruction Accounts

Check that the accounts provided in incoming instructions meet particular criteria.

anchor pinocchio native

Closing Accounts

Close an account and get the Lamports back.

anchor pinocchio native

Creating Accounts

Make new accounts on the blockchain, calculating the necessary minimum rent from the account's size.

anchor pinocchio native

Cross program invocations

Invoke an instruction handler from one onchain program in another onchain program.

anchor native

PDA rent-payer

Use a PDA to pay the rent for the creation of a new account.

anchor pinocchio native

Processing instructions

Add parameters to an instruction handler and use them.

anchor pinocchio native

Storing date in program derived addresses

Store and retrieve state in Solana.

anchor pinocchio native

Handling accounts that expand in size

How to store state that changes size in Solana.

anchor pinocchio native

Laying out larger programs

Layout larger Solana onchain programs.

anchor native

Transferring SOL

Send SOL between two accounts.

anchor pinocchio native

Tokens

Creating tokens

Create a token on Solana with a token symbol and icon.

anchor pinocchio native

NFT operations

Create an NFT collection, mint NFTs, and verify NFTs as part of a collection using Metaplex Token Metadata. Reminder: you don't need your own program just to mint an NFT, see the note at the top of this README.

anchor

Transferring Tokens

Create a token mint, mint tokens, and transfer tokens between accounts.

anchor pinocchio native

Allowing users to swap digital assets - Escrow

Allow two users to swap digital assets with each other, each getting 100% of what the other has offered due to the power of decentralization!

anchor pinocchio native

Fundraising with SPL Tokens

Create a fundraiser account specifying a target mint and amount, allowing contributors to deposit tokens until the goal is reached.

anchor

Distributing tokens with Merkle-proof claims

Fund a vault once, publish a Merkle root of a balance snapshot, and let each holder claim their allocation with a proof — the claim pattern behind large airdrops and chain migrations.

anchor

Minting a token from inside a program with a PDA as the mint authority

Mint a Token from inside your own onchain program using the Token program. Reminder: you don't need your own program just to mint an NFT, see the note at the top of this README.

anchor native

Creating an Automated Market Maker

Create liquidity pools to allow trading of new digital assets and allows users that provide liquidity to be rewarded by creating an Automated Market Maker.

anchor

External delegate token master

Control token transfers using an external secp256k1 delegate signature.

anchor

Token Extensions

Basics - create token mints, mint tokens, and transfer tokens with Token Extensions

Create token mints, mint tokens, and transfer tokens using Token Extensions.

anchor

Preventing CPIs with CPI guard

Enable CPI guard to prevents certain token action from occurring within CPI (Cross-Program Invocation).

anchor

Using default account state

Create new token accounts that are frozen by default.

anchor native

Grouping tokens

Create tokens that belong to larger groups of tokens using the Group Pointer extension.

anchor

Creating token accounts whose owner cannot be changed

Create tokens whose owning program cannot be changed.

anchor

Interest bearing tokens

Create tokens that show an 'interest' calculation.

anchor

Requiring transactions to include descriptive memos

Create tokens where transfers must have a memo describing the transaction attached.

anchor

Adding on-chain metadata to the token mint

Create tokens that store their onchain metadata inside the token mint, without needing to use or pay for additional programs.

anchor

Storing NFT metadata using the metadata pointer extension

Create an NFT using the Token Extensions metadata pointer, storing onchain metadata (including custom fields) inside the mint account itself.

anchor

Allow a designated account to close a mint

Allow a designated account to close a Mint.

anchor native pinocchio

Using multiple token extensions

Use multiple Token Extensions at once.

native

Non-transferrable - create tokens that can't be transferred.

Create tokens that cannot be transferred.

anchor native pinocchio

Permanent Delegate - Create tokens permanently under the control of a particular account

Create tokens that remain under the control of an account, even when transferred elsewhere.

anchor

Create tokens with a transfer-fee.

Create tokens with an inbuilt transfer fee.

anchor native

Transfer hook - hello world

A minimal transfer hook program that executes custom logic on every token transfer.

anchor

Transfer hook - counter

Count how many times tokens have been transferred using a transfer hook.

anchor

Transfer hook - using account data as seed

Use token account owner data as seeds to derive extra accounts in a transfer hook.

anchor

Transfer hook - allow/block list

Restrict or allow token transfers using an on-chain allow/block list managed by a list authority.

anchor

Transfer hook - block list with Codama clients

A block-list transfer hook as a full project: Pinocchio program, Codama-generated Rust and TypeScript clients, and a CLI.

pinocchio

Transfer hook - transfer cost

Charge an additional cost or fee on every token transfer using a transfer hook.

anchor

Transfer hook - transfer switch

Enable or disable token transfers with an on-chain switch using a transfer hook.

anchor

Compression

Cnft-burn

Burn compressed NFTs.

anchor

Cnft-vault

Store Metaplex compressed NFTs inside a PDA.

anchor

Cutils

Work with Metaplex compressed NFTs.

anchor

Cryptography

One stateless program per curve, wrapping the raw cryptographic syscalls. These run in LiteSVM today but only work on public clusters once their feature gates activate. Applied examples (multisig, key registry, encrypted ballot) live in the crypto-primitives-examples reference repo.

BN254 (alt_bn128) operations

Add and scalar-multiply G2 points (SIMD-0302) and verify aggregate BLS signatures with a single pairing check, via the sol_alt_bn128_group_op syscall.

pinocchio

BLS12-381 curve operations

Add, subtract, and scalar-multiply BLS12-381 G1 and G2 points with the sol_curve_group_op syscall.

pinocchio

Oracles

pyth

Use a data source for offchain data (called an Oracle) to perform activities onchain.

anchor

Games

World Cup bracket prediction

A bracket-prediction game: entrants pay a fee to submit a 32-game bracket, an oracle posts results, scores are tallied on-chain, and the unique winner sweeps the pot. A full Pinocchio + Codama project with a TypeScript client and a webapp.

pinocchio